Common types of optical crystals
Optical crystals are mainly used to make windows, lenses, and prisms in the ultraviolet and infrared regions. According to their crystal structure, they can be divided into single crystals and polycrystals. Due to their high integrity, high transmittance, and low input loss, the commonly used optical crystals are mainly single crystals.
Nonlinear optical crystal is a type of crystal that exhibits two or more nonlinear optical effects under the action of a strong electric field from a laser. Nonlinear optical crystal utilizes frequency doubling (VFD); ）Crystal is a functional material that converts laser wavelength to expand the tunable range of laser, and has important application value in the field of laser technology.
Crystals with nonlinear optical effects generally refer to crystals that can produce nonlinear optical effects under strong light or external fields. Under the influence of external fields, it is commonly referred to as a nonlinear optical crystal due to the interaction of strong light and electro-optic, magneto-optical crystals, and acousto-optic crystals.
Common categories of optical crystals:
1. Halide single crystal
Halide single crystals are divided into fluoride single crystals, chlorine, bromine, thallium halide single crystals, and iodine compound single crystals. Fluoride single crystals have high transmittance, low refractive index, and low light reflection coefficient in the ultraviolet, visible, and infrared bands, but their disadvantages are large expansion coefficient, low thermal conductivity, and poor impact resistance. Single crystals of bromine, chlorine, and iodine can pass through a wide infrared band, have low melting points, and are easy to prepare large-sized single crystals. Tl halide single crystals also have a wide infrared spectrum and low solubility in water. It is a detector window and lens material used at low temperatures, but its disadvantages are cold rheology, susceptibility to thermal corrosion, and toxicity.
2. Oxide single crystal
Oxide single crystals are mainly sapphire crystals (SiO2), (Al2O3), magnesium oxide (MgO), and rutile (TiO2). Compared with halide single crystals, they have a higher melting point, good chemical stability, and good visible and near-infrared transmittance. They are used to manufacture various optical components from ultraviolet to infrared spectra.
3. Semiconductor single crystal
Semiconductor single crystals include simple crystals such as Ge single crystal and silicon single crystal, II-VI semiconductor single crystal, III-V semiconductor single crystal, and diamond. Diamond is the crystal with the longest spectral transmission band, which can be extended to the far infrared region. It has high melting point, high hardness, excellent physical properties, and chemical stability. Semiconductor single crystals can be used as infrared window materials, infrared filters, and other optical components.
Nonlinear optical crystal is a type of crystal that exhibits two or more nonlinear optical effects under the action of a strong electric field from a laser. Nonlinear optical crystal utilizes frequency doubling (VFD); ）Crystal is a functional material that converts laser wavelength to expand the tunable range of laser, and has important application value in the field of laser technology.
Crystals with nonlinear optical effects generally refer to crystals that can produce nonlinear optical effects under strong light or external fields. Under the influence of external fields, it is commonly referred to as a nonlinear optical crystal due to the interaction of strong light and electro-optic, magneto-optical crystals, and acousto-optic crystals.
Common categories of optical crystals:
1. Halide single crystal
Halide single crystals are divided into fluoride single crystals, chlorine, bromine, thallium halide single crystals, and iodine compound single crystals. Fluoride single crystals have high transmittance, low refractive index, and low light reflection coefficient in the ultraviolet, visible, and infrared bands, but their disadvantages are large expansion coefficient, low thermal conductivity, and poor impact resistance. Single crystals of bromine, chlorine, and iodine can pass through a wide infrared band, have low melting points, and are easy to prepare large-sized single crystals. Tl halide single crystals also have a wide infrared spectrum and low solubility in water. It is a detector window and lens material used at low temperatures, but its disadvantages are cold rheology, susceptibility to thermal corrosion, and toxicity.
2. Oxide single crystal
Oxide single crystals are mainly sapphire crystals (SiO2), (Al2O3), magnesium oxide (MgO), and rutile (TiO2). Compared with halide single crystals, they have a higher melting point, good chemical stability, and good visible and near-infrared transmittance. They are used to manufacture various optical components from ultraviolet to infrared spectra.
3. Semiconductor single crystal
Semiconductor single crystals include simple crystals such as Ge single crystal and silicon single crystal, II-VI semiconductor single crystal, III-V semiconductor single crystal, and diamond. Diamond is the crystal with the longest spectral transmission band, which can be extended to the far infrared region. It has high melting point, high hardness, excellent physical properties, and chemical stability. Semiconductor single crystals can be used as infrared window materials, infrared filters, and other optical components.